In STYLISTICs books (and some articles and margins of texts) usually, the linguistic coordinates of ancient Persian texts are discussed in a separate section. In this section, researchers have tried to explain the salient morphological, syntactic, and phonetic features of the texts. But in some cases, because the Pahlavi texts (Persian texts are their logical sequence) were careless, there have been errors in describing some of the coordinates, naming them, and mentioning the evidence, and most importantly, the background to many of these functions is not mentioned. In the present article, we have set the criteria and benchmark as STYLISTIC functions that have been shown in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) texts. In this way, we have reviewed some of the coordinates of ancient Persian texts under two headings: 1. "PROPERTIES that are incorrectly described" 2. "PROPERTIES not addressed".

Sibawayh’ s al-Kitā b is one of the remnants of the Muslim legacy of the second half of the second century AH and is a turning point in the field of scientific issues in the Muslim world. Sibawayh, in his book, as a pioneer of grammarians, uses some STYLISTIC features that make it difficult to grasp the meaning of his work. Therefore, this research, by using a descriptive-analytical method and by selecting sections from al-Kitā b, seeks to explain and describe the STYLISTIC PROPERTIES that influence the meaning to facilitate the understanding of the book for its audience. Among these PROPERTIES are the frequent use of absent pronouns, demonstrative and ambiguous nouns, some explanations instead of idioms, syntactic descriptions in the form of examples without specifying them, the use of digression figure of speech, the abundance of brevity with hidden analogies, and the use of relative adverbs to express permissions and the necessity of orders. Sibawayh follows the deductive method, he begins with a few examples, then explains the verses, and finally quotes from the Holy Quran, poetic verses from the era of protest, the proverb, or the speech of Arab speakers. And he is constantly talking to a hypothetical audience.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric PROPERTIES of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric PROPERTIES and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical PROPERTIES of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical PROPERTIES of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such PROPERTIES significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

The main issue of this research is to identify the intellectual, cultural and political depths of the book of Asar Al-Wozarah's works, written by "Sif-aldin Haji-'bn Nezam Aghili" as one of the examples of Persian ministry writing in the Timurid period, by analyzing the light layers of this text. The results of this research, which was done by combined research method (analytical-descriptive-argumentative), are as follows: In the linguistic layer, the presence of high-frequency moral codes, lack of indexes and more use of sensory words make the text the main goal of ministry writing. The descriptions of the ministers and their works and the mention of details on the subject of bureaucracy have been omitted,In the syntactic layer, more use of the news aspect, simple sentences and short sentences have added to the certainty, clarity and speed of the narration in the text,In the rhetorical layer, the author has not made significant use of rhetorical tools,At the pragmatic level, expressive / declarative action takes place in the first place and persuasive action in the next stage, and shows how the author has used these two actions to recognize the values that govern his value (moral / ideal) views. Aqili's main purpose in processing this text, rather than compiling a historical / political text with the coordinates of the Ministry is to write an educational and ethical work with an approach. Encouraging moral virtues has been by emphasizing the instability of the world and reflecting human actions in his destiny by relying on the concepts of justice and resurrection.

One of the greatest Persian language spokesmen in Indian Gourkanian court, who reach the poet laureate of Jalaleddin Akbar (14th-15th Centuries) and known him the greatest Indian Persian language poet after Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, is Abolfeiz Feizi (14th-15th Centuries). Like Nezami’s other followers, he imitated Leili & Majnoun and wrote, as well as other works, the romance of Nala & Damayanti in the same rhyme in 4200 lines in the 15th century. It is a rhymed translation of freedom by Mehabeharat. In this story, he included religious, mystical, lovely, philosophical, and other concepts. In this research, we study the STYLISTIC specifications of this collection in three lingual, literary and intellectual levels.

No doupt that the Qur’anic expression contains secrets and aesthetics and artistic touches and images which show that the Quran art intended to support this opinion that it isn’t people speech.So, this research is going to study Sura “Sad” using a STYLISTIC approach, which focuses on data General Linguistic and deals with the role of image and music sounds and vocabularies in Sura, and stadies semantic features of words and the accuracy of vocabulary selection in the sura and tracking STYLISTIC phenomena in the sura and the meanings associated like repetition, and the question, and interested in Images, based on analogy and metaphor, and real images.Based on the results of this study, it has been proved that balance intended in the rhythm of Sura like repetition is an important element in increasing the pace of this beautiful one chapter, in addition to the consistency of these voices, and that the words in sura characterized by precision in the choice and the power of influence in the recipient and that the technical consistency has emerged between the different images and rhetoric of the real clearly.

Over the tenth and mid twelfth Century, Persian prose experienced a noticeable transformation toward being degraded and inferior. Meanwhile, AbulFazl Allami, being the first to address the issue, began to reform and change the style of prose. He was aware of the Persian language and works of predecessors and, accordingly, got away from Safavi prose. Precisely, he had shifted to Iraqi style and created an innovative format called AbulFazl’s style". The Current paper aims at investigating Allami’s style and his prominent and frequent features via layered STYLISTICs at five levels comprising; phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and intellectual. Having in mind that possessing a mixture of old and new features is one of the most important Characteristics in Iraqi style, Abulfazl's style is a combination of technical and simple prose, considering the predominance of simple prose. His avoidance in using secretarial tasks and artifices in phonetic and rhetorical levels has made his prose simple, and it is quite noticeable that the only weakness of his composition is the dominance of some grammatical defects in some points of his prose which was related to this period. From the intellectual point of view, the ideology of total peace, as the intellectual color of the correspondence, can be referred to as a decisive aspect to his prose. This intellectual feature, alongside Persianism and lexical combinations, which is the main feature of Allami’s prose, has made his prose unique. Therefore, Abulfazl's style can be characterized as a new thinking style and distinct from the existing style of the era. This article, by presenting the reflection of the Alsat verse in the book Fiehmafieh, by showing some of the key topics associated with this one in the mentioned book, explains the difference in the style of this work with the Masnavi Ma'navi and Diwan Shams.